Modbus Αρχεία - Infinite Informatics

How to connect the ADS-300 NBIoT, LTE-M to Microsoft Azure IoT Hub, AWS, Mosquitto MQTT broker

pratos@indinf.gr — Tue, 31 Aug 2021 12:26:53 +0000

Introduction

This document is dedicated to the ADS-300 an ultra low power, battery powered NBIoT, LTE-M end node. The ADS-300 supports SSL, is available for global deployment and can be used with any major Cloud IoT platform like Microsoft Azure IoT Hub, Amazon Web services, Mosquitto MQTT, etc. It is a low power device designed to operate on battery or mains power.

This following documents describe in brief how to,

Connect to a Microsoft Azure IoT Hub using SSL,
Connect to a Amazon Web services AWS using SSL,
Connect to Mosquitto MQTT broker

Read the complete case studies at,

Case Study MQTT_Connecting to Microsoft Azure v1.pdf

Case Study MQTT_Connecting to AWS v1.1.pdf

Case Study MQTT_Connecting to a Mosquitto Broker v1.pdf

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How to build a Sigfox IoT telemetry application

pratos@indinf.gr — Tue, 24 Nov 2020 13:05:13 +0000

Introduction

This document is dedicated to the ADS-260, a Sigfox end node that is designed for IoT telemetry applications. It is a battery powered device that can also power sensors. The unit incorporates a Radiocrafts RC1682-SIG (EU/CE) or RC1692HP-SIG (USA FCC /AU/NZ/LATIN AMERICA) Sigfox module that features a unique device ID and PAC code.

In order to realize a Sigfox telemetry system in the context of this document there are some prerequisites,

PC or laptop with MS Windows
Internet access
Recent web browser (Edge, Chrome, Firefox, Safari)
A valid Sigfox account to the Sigfox Backend and a registered device to the backend.

A valid Sigfox account to the Sigfox Backend and a registered device to the backend is needed. The Sigfox backend is used to manage transmitted data and to configure means to relay data to a front end.

This document describes in brief how to,

use the Sigfox backend system
connect devices to Infinite’s cloud platform the WaT (web aided telemetry)
use Losant as a front end system

Read the complete case study at,

Case Study ADS-260_How to build Sigfox IoT telemetry application v1.4.pdf

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How to build a LoRaWAN IoT telemetry application

pratos@indinf.gr — Tue, 24 Nov 2020 11:57:13 +0000

Introduction

This document is dedicated to the ADS-270 LoRaWAN unit, designed for IOT telemetry solutions. It is a low power device designed to operate on battery or mains power. The unit incorporates a Microchip Rn2483 (EU) or RN2903 (North America) LoRaWAN module that features a unique MAC ID.

In order to realize LoRaWAN systems a gateway with internet connectivity, an appropriately configured backend system to manage transmitted data and a front end to visualize and manage data are required.

This document describes in brief how to,

setup 2 different models of LoRaWAN gateways,
configure devices on the The Things network (TTN) backend.
connect devices to Infinite’s cloud platform the WaT (web aided telemetry)

The Things Network backend runs an open Internet of Things infrastructure supported by a global ecosystem of thousands of developers, IT integrators, hardware manufacturers, universities and governments.

In order to successfully configure and register the device the user must prepare the following identification credentials,

Device EUI (8 digit HEX) printed on a sticker inside the device
Application EUI (8 digit HEX) acquired from the TTN platform
Network Session Key (16 digit HEX) acquired from the TTN platform
Net App Session Key (16 digit HEX) acquired from the TTN platform
Device address (8 digit) acquired from the TTN platform

Read the complete case study at,

Case Study ADS-270_How to build a LoRaWAN IoT telemetry application v1.4.pdf

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In situ measurement of soil moisture with SDI-12 sensors

it@mms-adv.gr — Thu, 05 Nov 2020 07:00:20 +0000

Introduction

Soil moisture measurements are important for a number of applications and for a number of different reasons. Applications include land slide studies, erosion, water shed studies, climate studies, predicting weather, flood warning, crop quality and yield optimization, irrigation, and soil remediation to name a few.
Measuring soil moisture is important in agriculture to help farmers manage their irrigation systems more efficiently. Not only are farmers able to generally use less water to grow a crop, they are able to increase yields and the quality of the crop by better management of soil moisture during critical plant growth stages.
In situ soil electrical conductivity monitoring is very important in agriculture because the salinity levels in soil moisture can have dramatic effects on crop health and yields. Agricultural soils over time may become sodic or saline and this may dramatically affect the health and yields of the crops. There are techniques that can remove the sodium to improve soil quality and increase crop production.
Time Domain reflectometry (TDR), Time domain transmissometry (TDT), Coaxial Impedance Dielectric Reflectometry (CIDR) and Frequency Domain Reflectometry (FDR) are the main methods used to measure soil moisture content and electrical conductivity. Most of the soil sensors use the SDI-12 serial protocol, allowing for multiple sensors to be connected to a data logger via a single cable.

ADU-500 Application

ADU-500, a D-size battery powered RTU/Data Logger, can address several SDI-12 soil sensors for a total of 48 measurement parameters (channels). Powered only by the internal 3.6V Lithium Thionyl battery, it can provide 12V excitation for all connected soil sensors. The restriction for the total current draw of the SDI-12 bus is:

(n-1)*I_IDLE+I_ACT < 250mA (at 12V)
where,
n: Nr. of sensors
I_IDLE: Sensor idle current (quiescent current)
I_ACT: Sensor active current (during measurement)

Case study

In the following example, ADU-500 is used to measure and log air temperature, humidity, precipitation and soil moisture. The ultra low power HT200 sensor is used to measure air temperature and humidity. A tipping bucket rain gauge, connected to the unit digital counter, is used to for the precipitation measurement. SDI-12 soil sensors (6 pieces) are connected to the SDI-12 port, measuring soil moisture, temperature and conductivity at various soil depths. ADU-500 performs data collection according to the selected sampling rate (e.g. every 15 minutes). The sampled data is logged and sent to an internet server via FTP, according to the selected sending rate (e.g. every 6 hours). Alert SMS are sent to predefined users.
The Lithium Thionyl battery lifetime is calculated for different sensor types.

Air temperature	[°C], -40-50°C
Air humidity	[%] RH, 0-100%
Rainfall	[mm]
Parameters per SDI-12 sensor	Soil Moisture [wfv], Soil Conductivity [dS/m], Soil Temperature [°C]
Nr. of recorded channels	21
Sampling interval	15 minutes
Logging rate	1 (every sample = 15 minutes)
Sending rate	24 (every 24 logs = 6 hours)

Manufacturer	Stevens	Decagon	Acclima	Campbell Scientific
Soil sensor	Hydra Probe II	5TE / GS3	SEN-SDI	CS650 / CS655
Type	CIDR	FDR	TDT	TDR
Nr. of sensors	6	6	6	6
I_IDLE [mA]	1	0.3	0.015	0.135
I_ACT [mA]	10	10 / 25	30	45
Warm up time [sec]	3	3	3	3
Measurement time [sec]	2	0.15	0.45	0.003
Battery Lifetime [Years]¹⁾	1.2	5 / 4	2.5	6.6

¹⁾ Calculations are based on the sensor manufacturer’s specifications.

Earth fault monitoring in medium voltage substations

it@mms-adv.gr — Wed, 04 Nov 2020 09:00:36 +0000

Introduction

Medium voltage substations require monitoring in order to help power grid operators re-establish power, when network faults occur. Identifying a substation that is out of power is time critical to minimize operations to link back power on the grid.
Modern substations are equipped with earth fault detection relays (EFI or GFI, Earth or Ground Fault Indicator), which provide a digital contact when a line fault occurs. The goal is to reduce drastically the outage time. The normal procedure when a fault is detected is to send maintenance crew to visit a series of substations, identify the stations, which have a fault status and report this back to the control center. Then operations to reroute power are made remotely or on a trial and error basis, which damages the network infrastructure.

Requirements

Identify faults almost online and alert via SMS to a control center.
Minimize needed power rerouting operations.
Identify operational faults from substation equipment.
Manual operations alarming.
Intruder security alarming.

Proposal

BSC-50E and BSC-50D battery powered RTUs are ideal for alerting using SMS. The proposed system consists of:

Special fault detection relays that detect ground fault and provide a plain contact as an alert in the event of a fault.
BSC-50D or BSC-50E devices which are installed to monitor the alarm state on medium voltage substations.

When an earth fault is detected in a substation the result is that the substation is automatically taken off the power grid. Manual or remote operations are needed to place the substation back on the grid. The BSC-50 devices monitor earth faults and transmit respective coded messages via SMS to a control center. Moreover BSC-50 RTUs can be configured to transmit a health message in a scheduled manner to the control center to ensure their operational status.
At the control center a PC running 24/7 software, logs alerts, monitors and reports the operational status of the BSC50 devices. Integration to existing SCADA systems or GIS applications is seamless via an OPC server.

M2M solution

Furthermore, as an extension utilizing M2M functionality, SCOM-100 devices can be used at the control center in order to have an unmanned system. In this case, at the control center, a mimic diagram showing the geographic location of the substations and BSC-50 devices is installed. The mimic diagram has built in colored LED at each substation. The LEDs are cabled to an M2M (machine to machine) alert receiver device as an SCOM-100 unit. The LEDs are connected to digital outputs on the SCOM-100. When an alarm occurs at a BSC-50, two messages are send, one at the control center monitoring station running the monitoring SW and one to the SCOM-100 device switching a LED at the mimic diagram.If the fault is rectified, the LED can be switched off via a manual operation of a switch on the mimic diagram (alarm acknowledgement and rectification). In this way users at the control center can,

Visualize the location of the line faults.
Trace the sequence of failing substations.
Perform remote switching operations (if this is possible in respect to a local substation automation), or to order maintenance crew to visit a specific point on the grid to reroute power and maintain power in the areas which had been taken off the grid.

For example a BSC-50D alerting instantly and sending a health message every week, will operate on one Lithium Thionyl D type battery for more than 12 years.

Why BSC-50

All-in-one cellular GPRS quad band solution
Ultra low power, can run for years on one D type battery
Real-time alerting
Easy to implement and maintain
Seamless connection to SCADA via OPC server
SMS alerts and M2M functionality